The aim of the migration on the territory of a pack is patrolling and hunting. Both dominant and subordinate specimens migrate as much as the other. Wolves are capable of travelling long distances. They can go as far as 200 km daily with the 8 km/h speed. They spend winters living a nomadic life which lasts around six months. In early winter, fairly mature cubs join when usually the whole pack roams and hunts together.
In summertime, part of the pack stays with the litter and young ones, and sometimes it divides into smaller groups. If the litter perishes or it did not come in expected time, the pack continues roaming lifestyle throughout the summer.
Wolf pack will run along beaten snow-path in line. Each wolf stamps the tracks of the one in front of him. This saves them energy.
Leaving a pack
Newborns stay with parents 10 to 54 months.
Parents let the young stay in a pack as long as there is enough food for survival of as many members more than the alpha couple alone. Youngest cubs have primacy when feeding. If there is not enough food their older brothers and sisters are left hungry. This is way there are such big differences in recordings of when do wolves leave the pack.
Anyhow, leaving the pack usually occurs when reaching sexual maturity and when they are ready to reproduce. Most of the wolves leave the pack on their own. The long distance migration is most commonly one way only. The furthest one pack left their territory was 900 km. The younger the wolf the further he will migrate because it is less tied to the pack.
Formation of new packs will happen when a wolf that separated and its partner settle on a new territory. If a separated wolf does not find a pair it will return to its pack. The largest migrations happen in early spring and autumn.
Red fox cubs stay with their mother for a few months until they will leave her to find their own territory.
Most of the young coyotes leave their parents when they turn one. A few younger coyotes will stay to help their parents raise new litter.